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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

贵州省17部门联合出台社工人才高质量发展实施意见******url:https://m.gmw.cn/2023-01/06/content_1303246391.htm,id:1303246391

　　1月5日，记者从贵州省民政厅获悉，近期，贵州省民政厅牵头与省委组织部、省委政法委、省委编办、省人力资源社会保障厅等17部门联合印发《关于加快推进贵州省社会工作专业人才队伍建设高质量发展的实施意见》(以下简称《实施意见》）。据悉，这是进一步贯彻落实《贵州省“十四五”人才发展规划》和《贵州省重点人才五年倍增行动计划》，继《贵州省社会工作者薪酬体系指导意见（试行）》后，出台的又一重要政策文件。

　　《实施意见》明确了“十四五”时期贵州省社工人才发展的发展目标、指标任务和办法举措，对当前和未来贵州省社工人才发展具有十分重要的指导意义。《实施意见》表明，“十四五”时期贵州省将建成1509个社工站，实现乡镇（街道）社会工作服务全覆盖；社工人才队伍突破10万人，其中持全国社会工作者职业资格证书人才达到5000人、新增社会工作重点人才不少于400人、社会工作专业毕业生累计超过7500人；社工人才支撑平台不低于100家。《实施意见》提出加快建设贵州省社工人才发展阵地，做好顶层设计和战略谋划，持续树立“社工黔行”品牌形象；完善政府购买社会工作服务机制，加快建立社工人才资源竞争优势，增强相关部门对社工人才的自主培养能力，力争在相关领域形成一批社工人才。

　　《实施意见》要求各地建立社工人才工作协调机制（或联席会议制度），自觉接受当地党委人才工作领导小组考核，定期督促社工人才工作落实情况，建立负面清单和通报考评制度，确保社工人才各项指标任务顺利完成。《实施意见》强调，相关部门是本行业领域社工人才队伍的培养主体，要定期总结系统内社工人才队伍建设发展情况，按照实际需要分类开发、设置和配备社会工作专业岗位，落地落实岗位薪酬待遇。要优先开发面向基层、服务群众的社工人才专业岗位，优化整合社会服务项目，将政府购买社会工作服务项目所需资金统筹安排进预算，让社工人才投身基层、安心工作。

　　据了解，《实施意见》从起草到出台耗时一年多时间，全面总结了近年来全省社工人才发展积累的实践经验，深入分析了当前贵州社工人才发展面临的新环境、有利条件和制约因素，通过大量调研走访，广泛听取相关部门、基层单位、专家学者和一线社工的意见建议，最终推动文件出台。据悉，《实施意见》在厘清社工人才类别，拓展社工人才发展领域，丰富社工人才培养渠道、强化社工人才激励措施等方面呈现诸多政策亮点。（贵州日报天眼新闻记者陈龙）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）